Case study 60 - DISH-phagia Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) is a rheumatologic disease which can cause cervical osteophytes and lead to otolaryngological symptoms such as difficulty in swallowing, difficulty in breathing and loss of weight. Primarily involved structure is the anterior longitudinal ligament, ossification and calcification of which result in osteophyte formation. Dysphagia due to DISH involving the cervical spine is relatively unusual (17% of patients with DISH). D

✅ Causes of Frozen Shoulder • ⁠• Idiopathic (unknown cause) • Shoulder injury or surgery causing immobility • Diabetes mellitus • Thyroid disorders (hypothyroidism/hyperthyroidism) • Cardiovascular diseases (e.g., heart disease) • Parkinson’s disease • Post-stroke complications • Prolonged immobilization (e.g., arm sling) • Age (commonly 40–60 years) • Female gender (more common in women) • Autoimmune or inflammatory response in the shoulder capsule | Dr. Hamza Mushtaq PT