Oxidative stress induced by 6-OHDA stimulates autophagy flux, which enhances STX17-mediated autolysosome formation, leading to the degradation of autophagosomal contents. However, in response to ...

Cells have sophisticated methods of sensing stimuli and communicating with nearby cells in response to these stimuli. For example, macrophages can sense environmental stimuli—tissue damage, foreign ...

Bacillus subtilis has emerged as a pre‐eminent model organism for the study and application of protein expression and secretion, owing to its robust secretory pathways and genetic tractability. Its ...

When cells utilize glucose as a carbon source, the HBP functions normally, maintaining intracellular O-GlcNAcylation at a high level. In this state, O-GlcNAc-modified SNAP25 stabilizes its interaction ...

Intracellular protein trafficking and secretion of proteins into the extracellular environment are sequential and tightly regulated processes in eukaryotic cells. Conventionally, proteins that are ...

The human stomach operates in an environment with a lumen pH between 1 and 3, yet its own tissues remain intact. This resilience comes from a multilayered defense system: a mucus-bicarbonate barrier ...