This is a preview. Log in through your library . Abstract We apply Dirac's method of quantization in the presence of a constraint to the hydrogen atom described by the R⁴ coordinates of Kustaanheimo ...

AN ATOM’S electrons are an ever-shifting quantum melee, but it turns out you can still take their photograph as if they were standing still. A quantum-style microscope has imaged the hydrogen atom’s ...

That blue, pixelated image, ladies and gentlemen, is the very first image of an atom’s electron orbital structure. In other words, you’re looking at the first picture of an atom’s wave function. Here, ...

If P(nl; r) is the (nl) radial wave function in an atom of atomic number N, and PH(nl; r) is the corresponding wave function of hydrogen, then, for a given configuration and for large N N-1/2P(nl; r) ...

What you’re looking at is the first direct observation of an atom’s electron orbital — an atom’s actual wave function! To capture the image, researchers utilized a new quantum microscope — an ...