Instrumental variables (IV) estimation addresses endogeneity arising when an explanatory variable correlates with the error term, biasing ordinary least squares (OLS ...

Nonparametric instrumental variable (NPIV) estimation is a cutting‐edge methodological framework employed to uncover causal relationships in the presence of endogenous regressors, without imposing ...

A frequent problem in the estimation of linear regression models is that the predictors are correlated with the error term contained in the regression equation. To ...

Abstract: Bias due to unobserved confounding can seldom be ruled out with certainty when estimating the causal effect of a nonrandomized treatment. The instrumental variable (IV) design offers, under ...

RESULTS: Among 6,232 elderly patients, the instrumental variable estimate indicated an increase in median survival of 33 days and an improvement in 1-year survival of 9% attributable to chemotherapy.

Imagine a sports injury researcher claiming: ‘the effect of the injury prevention programme we reported in the trial is unbiased because we analysed according to the intention-to-treat principle’ (ITT ...