The GOLD 2023 and 2024 reports recommend that health professionals consider triple therapy (TT) entailing combined use of a long-acting β 2 agonist (LABA), a long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA), ...

A major revision of the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) guidelines was published in December 2011, which takes account of the fact that chronic obstructive pulmonary ...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of chronic morbidity and mortality worldwide and is projected to become the third leading cause of death by 2020. The burden of COPD is ...

For the first time, the revised GOLD Guidelines published in 2011 2 suggest a combined assessment of symptoms, the degree of airflow limitation as measured by spirometry, and the risk of future ...

In the group of patients with a mild form of COPD according to the 2007 GOLD guidelines or in category A according to the 2011 or 2017 GOLD guidelines, the average monthly cost of the first-choice ...

—The 2019 GOLD guidelines emphasize the need for separate strategies for initial and follow-up pharmacotherapy and the importance of using of eosinophil counts to decide about inhaled corticosteroid ...