Creeps are characterized as time-dependent permanent deformations that occur under constant stress at elevated temperatures. The material composition determines the onset of creep. For example, steel ...

Upper: A cross-section view of a subduction zone just after an earthquake on the plate boundary. Tensile stress is coseismically induced in the plates. Lower: A few years after the earthquake.

Pressure tube deformation is a critical ageing issue in operating heavy water reactors (HWRs). Depending on the years of service, horizontal pressure tubes may show one of three kinds of deformation: ...