The authors state that it is somewhat striking that having existed for decades the complex Poynting theorem and its associated reactive quantities: the IPM, reactive work and reactive energy, the ...

The Pythagorean theorem, a cornerstone of mathematics for millennia, provides a method for determining unknown sides in right-angled triangles using the formula a² + b² = c². Its applications extend ...

Optical manipulation of matter by using the mechanical action of light is one of the vibrant subjects of micro and nanoscience. In 2018 a Nobel Prize of physics was awarded to Arthur Ashkin for the ...