Bottom-up processing begins with sensory data and moves to brain integration. This type of processing does not rely on past knowledge or experiences. Visual illusions can show how we use bottom-up and ...

Therapy, Other Psychosocial Interventions, and Bottom-Up Versus Top-Down Processing Many psychotherapies can be understood as helping children to moderate overactive bottom-up processing and/or ...

Psychedelic drugs like LSD and psilocybin reduce the amount of bottom-up brain activity flowing into a network associated with self-reflection. These altered trajectories of brain signals occur ...

The human brain is a product of evolution. Many psychotherapies and medications focus on adjusting the activity of brain networks that evolved long ago and helped early Homo sapiens survive and ...